Sleep Apnea Publications
Dr. Stanley Liu's research spans the full spectrum of sleep apnea care, from diagnostics and medical-dental interventions to surgical treatment and emerging technology. His work includes DOME maxillary expansion, maxillomandibular advancement (MMA), drug-induced sleep endoscopy (DISE), hypoglossal nerve stimulation (Inspire), nasal surgery, pediatric craniofacial growth modification, myofunctional therapy, and AI-driven diagnostic tools including ultrasound tongue imaging. His bibliography includes the Updated Stanford (Riley-Powell) Sleep Surgery Algorithm.
120+
Publications
40
h-index
4,500+
Citations
22
Book Chapters
Full Bibliography
Selected Highlights
Organized by the Updated Stanford Sleep Surgery Algorithm
Sleep Apnea Treatment Approach
18
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Advancements and Innovations in OMFS, ENT, and Facial Plastic Surgery, Springer
J Oral Maxillofac Surg
Undiagnosed in up to 90% of women. Broaden referral beyond AHI.
Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg
15-item questionnaire. Cronbach alpha = 0.92. Strong test-retest and discriminant validity.
Int Forum Allergy Rhinol
Comprehensive ICS:OSA consensus from international multidisciplinary panel.
Murray & Nadel's Textbook of Respiratory Medicine, Elsevier
J Oral Maxillofac Surg
Women show 33% lower AHI. Current cutoffs may underdiagnose women.
J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg
Oropharyngeal lateral wall collapse is the only predictor for non-positional dependency.
Clin Exp Otorhinolaryngol
Updated phase 1/2 algorithm incorporating DISE, patient preference, DOME, and UAS.
Respir Res
Supine resistance at 150 pascal predicts therapeutic positive airway pressure.
Sleep and Breathing
Three distinct phenotypic clusters for precision treatment.
Sleep Apnea and Snoring, Elsevier
Sleep Med Clin, Elsevier
Atlas OMS Clin, Elsevier
Laryngoscope
Lateral wall and tongue obstruction most important for predicting outcomes.
J Clin Sleep Med
89% of patients showed nasal cycle changes during polysomnography.
Clin Otolaryngol
Differential CPAP effects explain inadequate response and poor compliance.
Laryngoscope
Complete lateral oropharyngeal collapse strongly associated with OSA severity.
Laryngoscope
Muller maneuver reliability and association with sleep-disordered breathing.
Nasal Airway
10
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Facial Plast Surg Aesthet Med
Nasal modifications significantly improved perception of obstruction and cosmesis.
J Chinese Med Assoc
Nasal surgery indispensable in holistic OSA care.
Healthcare
Effective technique for managing caudal septal deviation.
Facial Plast Surg Aesthet Med
Perioperative nasal strategy reduced corrective nasal surgery from 18.7% to 6.5%.
Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol
31.72% subjective improvement after turbinate surgery.
Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg
Persistent obstruction after intranasal surgery associated with narrow maxillary width.
Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg
Post-MMA corrective nasal surgery incidence was 18.7%.
Sleep Science and Practice
Frequently missed without nasal endoscopy.
Laryngoscope
Validated grading system with high inter-rater reliability.
Naso-maxillary Expansion (DOME) for Adults
12
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2026 Slow Miniscrew-Assisted Palatal Expansion for Long-Term Skeletal Stability and Nasal Airway Function
Sleep and Breathing
Clinical approach for long-term skeletal stability and enhanced nasal airway function.
Surgically Facilitated Orthodontic Therapy, Springer
Sleep and Breathing
Expansion at the anterior nasopalatine canal predicts clinical efficacy.
Int Forum Allergy Rhinol
Improves persistent nasal obstruction in narrow, high-arched palate patients.
Facial Plast Surg Aesthet Med
Endoscopic nasal approach reduces nasal obstruction with limited morbidity.
Management of Obstructive Sleep Apnea, Springer
Sleep Apnea and Snoring 2nd Ed, Elsevier
Sleep and Breathing
Nasal floor expansion reduces nasal airflow velocity and downstream pharyngeal negative pressure.
Sleep Medicine
Significantly alleviates nasal obstruction, decreases AHI, and improves REM sleep.
Current Concepts of Sleep Apnea Surgery, Thieme
Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg
Widens the internal nasal valve objectively, correlating with subjective improvement.
Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg
First description of DOME. Safely widens the adult maxilla with high arched palate.
Naso-maxillary Expansion in Children
6
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Acta Otorrinolaringol Esp
Review of expansion techniques for pediatric nasal obstruction.
Sleep
RME most effective for SpO2. Pirelli 12-year follow-up stable.
Sleep Medicine
First study showing rapid palatal expansion reduces adenoid and tonsil size.
Sleep and Breathing
Correlation between craniofacial changes and respiratory improvement.
Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol
Expansion decreases nasal resistance and increases airflow in children.
Sleep and Breathing
NOSE scores and internal nasal valve improved after rapid palatal expansion.
Soft Palate & Pharyngeal Surgery
9
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Laryngoscope
Converts complete concentric collapse to UAS-eligible patterns.
Atlas OMS Clin, Elsevier
Clin Otolaryngol
Validated 5-grade system for hypopharyngeal scoring.
2017 LAUP for OSA: Systematic Review
Sleep
44% worsening. Not recommended.
2016 Transpalatal Advancement Pharyngoplasty
Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol
AHI reduced 64.8%.
2016 Hyoid Surgery Alone for OSA
Laryngoscope
AHI reduced 38.3%. Hyothyroidopexy 50.7%.
Tongue, Myofunctional Therapy & Frenulum
8
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Orthod Craniofac Res
13 exercises analyzed. OMT addresses impaired pharyngeal dilator function.
Laryngoscope Investig Otolaryngol
Safe and effective procedure.
2019 Genial Tubercle Position and GGA in OSA
Maxillofac Plast Reconstr Surg
10mm from apex, 10mm from inferior border.
2017 Tongue Retaining Devices for OSA
Am J Otolaryngol
AHI reduced 53%.
Orthod Craniofac Res
Restricted tongue mobility associated with narrowing and soft palate elongation.
Sleep and Breathing
TRMR normal 51-77%. Validated grading scales for lingual frenulum.
Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg
Precise, individualized approach using VSP.
Inspire
10
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J Clin Sleep Med
Lingual tonsil reduction lowers required HNS voltage.
Atlas of OMS 2nd Ed, Elsevier
J Oral Maxillofac Surg
AHI reduction 37.6 vs 31.5. Post-treatment AHI 3.5 vs 5.3.
J Clin Sleep Med
Protrusion with preserved shape increases patency.
Upper Airway Stimulation in OSA, Springer
Clin Exp Otorhinolaryngol
Both show predictable high success rates. Complementary for complex cases.
Atlas OMS Clin, Elsevier
Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg
Viable alternative for skeletal surgery failures.
Maxillofac Plast Reconstr Surg
CPAP failure, BMI under 32, AHI 20-50 eligibility criteria.
J Oral Maxillofac Surg
First UAS after prior MMA at Stanford.
Maxillomandibular Advancement
14
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2023 Chapter Contemporary Skeletal Surgery for OSA
Surgically Facilitated Orthodontic Therapy, Springer
Obstructive Sleep Apnea: A Multidisciplinary Approach, Springer
Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg
Equally effective. Maxillary advancement more predictive than mandibular.
Bailey's Head and Neck Surgery, Lippincott
Sleep Apnea and Snoring, Elsevier
Atlas OMS Clin, Elsevier
Clin Oral Investig
Optimal surgical technique most significantly influences fixation stability.
2018 Skeletal Surgery Trends in OSA
J Craniomaxillofac Surg
MMA most efficacious. Expansion encouraging.
Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg
MMA restores sleep architecture, benefits beyond AHI.
2017 Mandibular Advancement for Adult OSA: Systematic Review
J Craniomaxillofac Surg
Isolated mandibular advancement is efficacious for mandibular insufficiency.
Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg
AHI/ODI improvement correlates with decreased retropalatal airflow velocity.
2016 Subtypes of MMA Surgery for OSA
J Craniofacial Surg
Decision factors for straight, rotational, segmental, and segmental-rotational MMA.
J Oral Maxillofac Surg
Lateral wall stability is the surgical success marker, observed from DISE.
2015 Large MMA for OSA: Operative Technique Evolved Over 30 Years
J Craniomaxillofac Surg
Stanford MMA technique refined over 3 decades.
Imaging and AI
6
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2024 Ultrasound Tongue Morphology and OSA Severity
Sleep Medicine
144 patients. Predictive model AUC = 0.839.
JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg
Positive association with AHI. 89 patients.
Sleep Medicine
First deep learning model for automated DISE scoring, 70% F1 score.
2021 Deep Learning AHI Estimation from 3D Craniofacial Scans
IEEE J Biomed Health Inform
1366 patients, multi-center deep learning model.
Clin Otolaryngol
Lateral wall collapse and upper airway length associated with severe OSA.
Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol
More lateral wall collapse in severe OSA on sleep MRI.
Comorbidities & Systemic Health
7
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2021 CPAP Improves Hearing in OSA
Int J Environ Res Public Health
Reliable improvement in sensorineural hearing at 6 months.
2021 Deep Neck Infection Risk in OSA
Int J Environ Res Public Health
OSA is an independent risk factor for deep neck infection.
2019 OSA and Carotid Atheromas
J Oral Maxillofac Surg
Strong positive association between OSA severity and carotid artery atheromas.
2019 OSA with Carotid Plaque and Systemic Inflammation
J Oral Maxillofac Surg
Greater neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio in severe OSA with carotid plaque.
2018 Acromegaly and OSA
J Otolaryngol ENT Res
45-80% prevalence of OSA in acromegaly patients.
Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg
Increased risk in elderly. 2230 patients analyzed.
Sleep and Breathing
Associations with glaucoma, NAION, CSR, and floppy eyelid syndrome.
Sleep Medicine Education
9
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In press
9 FDA-approved devices. Apple Watch and Samsung cleared for moderate-to-severe risk screening.
2023 Readability of MMA Patient Education Materials
Sleep and Breathing
All MMA OPEMs above recommended 6th-grade reading level.
J Oral Maxillofac Surg
Student-led initiative identifying unmet needs in dental education.
2019 Clinical Trials in OSA
Laryngoscope
CPAP 43.7%, surgical 10.7% of trials.
Atlas of the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinics
2018 Publication Trends and Levels of Evidence in OSA
Laryngoscope
Evidence levels remain modest across the field.
2018 YouTube as a Source of Information for OSA
Am J Otolaryngol
Sleep surgery underrepresented on YouTube.
2017 State of Academic Sleep Surgery: Survey
Laryngoscope
Dedicated providers help advance academic sleep surgery programs.
2017 Online Information Related to Surgical OSA Treatment
Sleep Science and Practice
Moderate-to-good quality of online information assessed.